里氏替換原則是面向?qū)ο缶幊讨械囊粋€基本概念，確保派生類可以替代其基類使用，而不會改變程序的正確性。
The Liskov Substitution Principle is a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming, ensuring that derived classes can be used in place of their base classes without altering the correctness of the program.
