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What is learned is not movements but meanings.

學到的不是動作，而是意義。

The essence of learning is the acquisition of meanings.

學習的本質是意義的獲得。

Behavior is not just a response to a stimulus, but is guided by expectations and purposes.

行為不僅僅是對刺激的反應，而是由期望和目的引導的。

The rat in the maze is not just learning a series of turns, but is building up a cognitive map of the whole situation.

迷宮中的老鼠不僅僅是在學習一系列轉彎，而是在構建整個情境的認知地圖。

The cognitive map is not a picture or a model in the head, but a dynamic, changing representation of the environment.

認知地圖不是頭腦中的一幅圖或模型，而是環境的動態變化表征。

Purposive behavior in animals and men.

動物和人類的有目的行為。

The stimuli which are allowed in are not connected by just simple one-to-one switches to the outgoing responses.

允許進入的刺激并不是通過簡單的一對一開關與輸出反應相連的。

The organism learns not only what to do but also what leads to what.

有機體不僅學會做什么，還學會什么導致什么。

Learning consists in the modification of certain mediating processes which operate between the stimulus and the response.

學習在于改變介于刺激和反應之間的某些中介過程。

Behavior, as such, is not to be regarded as a mere chain of muscular contractions, but rather as a purposive and cognitive affair.

行為不應被視為僅僅是肌肉收縮的鏈條，而應被視為有目的和認知的活動。